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Under the Rule of Private Property Karl MarxEconomic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 ||XIV| [35] (7) We have seen what significance, given socialism, the wealth of human needs acquires, and what significance, therefore, both a new mode of production and a new object of production obtain: a new manifestation of the forces of human nature and a new enrichment of human nature. Under private property their significance is reversed: every person speculates on creating a new need in another, so as to drive him to fresh sacrifice, to place him in a new dependence and to seduce him into a new mode of enjoyment and therefore economic ruin. Each tries to establish over the other

Works of Karl Marx 1847 Delivered: December 1847;Source: Wage Labour and Capital, the original 1891 pamphlet;Edited/Translated: Frederick Engels;First Published (in German): Neue Rheinische Zeitung, April 5-8 and 11, 1849;Online Version: Marx/Engels Internet Archive (marxists.org) 1993, 1999;Transcription/Markup: Zodiac and Brian Baggins;Proofed: and corrected by Alek Blain, 2006. Table of Contents: IntroductionPreliminaryWhat are wages?By what is the price of a commodity determined?By what are wages determined?The nature and growth of capitalRelation of wage-labor to capitalThe general law that determines the rise and fall of wages and profitThe interests of capital and wage-labor are diametrically opposedEffect of capitalist competition on the capitalist class, middle class and working class

Karl Marx 1845 Written: by Marx in Brussels in the spring of 1845, under the title “1) ad Feuerbach”;Marx’s original text was first published in 1924, in German and in Russian translation, by the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Marx-Engels Archives, Book I, Moscow. The English translation was first published in the Lawrence and Wishart edition of The German Ideology  in 1938.The most widely known version of the Theses is that based on Engels’ edited version, published as an appendix to his Ludwig Feuerbach in 1888, where he gave it the title Theses on Feuerbach;Translated: by Cyril Smith 2002, based on work done jointly with Don Cuckson. 1 The main defect

Instructions for the Delegates of the Provisional General Council The International Workingmen’s Association, 1866 Written: in English by Marx at the end of August 1866;First published: in Der Vorbote Nos. 10 and 11, October and November 1866 and The International Courier Nos. 6/7, February 20, and Nos. 8/10, March 13, 1867;Transcribed: by director@marx.org, April 1996. Table of Contents Organization of the International Association  International combination of efforts, by the agency of the association, in the struggle between labour and capital Limitation of the working day Juvenile and children’s labour (both sexes) Co-operative labour Trades’ unions. Their past, present and future Direct and indirect taxation International credit Polish

Private property by no means makes its appearance in history as the result of robbery or force. On the contrary. It already existed, though limited to certain objects, in the ancient primitive communities of all civilised peoples. It developed into the form of commodities within these communities, at first through barter with foreigners. The more the products of the community assumed the commodity form, that is, the less they were produced for their producers’ own use and the more for the purpose of exchange, and the more the original spontaneously evolved division of labour was superseded by exchange also within

Political economy, in the widest sense, is the science of the laws governing the production and exchange of the material means of subsistence in human society. Production and exchange are two different functions. Production may occur without exchange, but exchange — being necessarily an exchange of products — cannot occur without production. Each of these two social functions is subject to the action of external influences which to a great extent are peculiar to it and for this reason each has, also to a great extent, its own special laws. But on the other hand, they constantly determine and influence